Main Trends Research Articles

PSIV-20 Evaluation of pectinase on nursery pig performance

Abstract Non-starch polysaccharidases have been widely employed in swine production to enhance fiber digestion and nutrient utilization, yielding mixed results. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of an exogenous pectinase on performance of early nursery pigs. The study utilized 320 mixed sex freshly weaned pigs, 19-21 d of age [5.4 ± 1.1 kg body weight (BW), Camborough (1050) x 337, (PIC, Hendersonville, TN)], sourced from a commercial sow farm. Upon arrival, pigs were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments (10 pens/treatment, 6 gilts and 2 barrows/pen). All diets were fed in two phases consisting of 7 and 14 d over a 21-d study period. Phase 1 basal diets consisted of 40% soybean meal, 1.45% SID Lys, and 3,396 kcal/kg ME. Phase 2 basal diets consisted of 40% soybean meal, 1.375% SID Lys, and 3,396 kcal/kg ME. In both phases, exogenous pectinase was included at 0, 8, 40, and 80 (g/MT). Pen bodyweights and feed disappearance were collected at the start and end of each phase to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Fecal consistency was scored for diarrhea presence daily. In all analyses, pens served as the experimental units. Growth performance and mortality/removals data were analyzed within phase and overall with the fixed effect of pectinase level, including the linear and quadratic effects of varying pectinase levels across the diets. No discernible health impacts were identified based on observations of mortality/removals and fecal consistency scores (P > 0.10). There were no notable main, linear, or quadratic effects observed on pig bodyweights during the trial. Overall, the diet had a significant impact on ADG (P < 0.05), showing a positive trend associated with pectinase inclusion (linear P = 0.08). This trend was supported by a 14% increase in the ADG of pigs that consumed the diet with 80 g/MT of pectinase, in contrast to pigs fed the control diet. Phase 1 did not exhibit any notable effects on performance in terms of main, linear, or quadratic trends. In contrast, during phase 2, the diet significantly affected the ADG of pigs, with all pectinase-containing diets promoting greater body weight gain compared with control-fed pigs (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a tendency for a diet effect on GF in phase 2 (P = 0.09). Pigs that were fed the diet with 80 g/MT of pectinase observed a 14-22% improvement in feed efficiency compared with all the other dietary groups. In conclusion, the addition of pectinase to early nursery pig diets had the capacity to enhance pig performance without any adverse effects on pig health when feeding high soybean meal.

Rice breeding for higher crop productivity (a review)

The main global trends in the breeding of rice cultivars and hybrids are higher plant productivity, adaptability to cultivation conditions, quality of products, and resistance to environmental stressors, including diseases.Efforts of leading breeding centers in the Philippines and China to further increase the rice yield are associated with a change in the plant morphotype: shorter plants with erectoid leaves and large panicles with a high number of grains.The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has developed rice cultivars that under favorable conditions in the tropical zone produce a grain yield of up to 10–11 t/ha, with Kecon = 0.5. A heterotic hybrid of rice was obtained in China with a yield of 13.9 t/ha; it has a new plant morphotype (New Plant Type) and a growing season of 163 days. The hybrid is classified as “super rice”.Modern breeding programs are aimed at producing cultivars of “Green Super Rice” using pedigree methods and backcrossing for introgression of target genes through DNA markers, QTL mapping, pyramiding, and recurrent selection.Russian breeders have traditionally produced rice cultivars adapted to local conditions, with a growing season of no more than 125 days. In the 1980s, a program was launched to develop a high-yielding rice cultivar with erectoid leaves for condensed planting. As a result of multiple stepwise hybridization and targeted selection, new source material with target traits of “super rice” was released. Cv. ‘Polyus-5’ with a new plant morphotype was obtained on its basis. This cultivar was included in the State Register and from 2023 approved for commercial production. During the field trials, ‘Polyus-5’ yielded a maximum of 1380 g/m2 over 120 days of the growing season, under the conditions of condensed sowing and increased mineral nutrition.

Status and trends of legislative and regulatory regulation of off-label use of drugs: A review

The off-label use of drugs is a common practice worldwide. The legal basis for off-label medical use varies from country to country. Regulatory control of the pharmaceutical market in the off-label preventive and therapeutic practice at the international and national levels has become a breakthrough with the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic. The prospects for off-label use in the context of innovations in the legislation of public health in the Russian Federation are crucial. Professionally significant aspects of the use of medicinal products outside the Summary of Product Characteristics and the off-label use have been introduced by supranational regulatory authorities for the common market of medicinal products of the Eurasian Economic Union. Special attention should be paid to the regulatory control of the use of extemporaneous medicines as part of improving the government regulation of drug compounding in pharmacies. The active development of pharmacy activities in drug compounding within the framework of improving regulatory practice determines the relevance of actual off-label prescriptions and the use of extemporaneous formulations. Aim – to perform a systematic analysis of national, transnational legislative and regulatory documents regulating off-label use of medicinal products, determine the main conceptual components of the current regulatory pool and directions for future development in this area. Systematic analysis of the national legislative and regulatory pool of documents and the regulatory framework of the common market of medicinal products of the Eurasian Economic Union on the regulation of various aspects of the off-label use of medicinal products. Study of the components and identification of the main trends in the regulatory practice of prescriptions outside the Summary of Product Characteristics and the off-label use. An analytical search was carried out in the reference legal systems "ConsultantPlus" and "Garant" on the official websites of the Ministry of Health of Russia, the Eurasian Economic Union, the RusMed information resource of the National Library resource of Russia in medicine and pharmacy "Central Scientific Medical Library" was used. A logical generalization of the results on the current state of the legal framework and the development of conceptual proposals on the key directions of the prospective development of regulation, control, and supervisory activities of the pharmaceutical off-label use of medicinal products was made.

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPENDENCE OF STUDENTS’ HEALTH ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THEIR MEALS

AnnotationJustification. Human health consists of many factors, the most important of which is nutrition. And at a young age, during the formation of the body, nutrition comes to the fore among the factors necessary to maintain and strengthen health. The purpose of the study. To identify the dependence of the health of students on the organization of their nutrition in an educational organization, to give a hygienic assessment of the existing risks of the formation of alimentary pathology.Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study performed in the period from 2021 to 2023, conducted on the basis of a medical university. The study included a survey of 1,200 students of 1-3 courses studying in the following specialties: medical science (401 people, among whom 93 are male and 308 are female), pediatrics (410 people, among whom 53 are male and 357 are female) and dentistry (391 people, 100 are male and 291 are female). The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 21 years. This interval was formed in order to record the differences in students' food preferences that arise with age. Anthropometric indicators were taken from all participants of the study, body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Also, the study participants were asked to use the "Diet 5.0" software package to make up their daily diet for subsequent analysis and identification of emerging trends in the nutrition of young people.The results of the study. When analyzing the obtained indicators, some negative aspects in the nutrition of medical university students were identified, possible risks of various pathological conditions were identified, the main trends in the nutrition of students were determined: the content of high-carbohydrate foods in the diet, also extremely low content of some micro- and macroelements in the diet, and so on.

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of the hotel industry of Ukraine in the conditions of the crisis, to identify modern trends and prospects for its development.The methodological basis of the research is a system of general scientific and special methods. The method of system analysis used in the work made it possible to provide a comprehensive consideration of the problems of the development of the hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions. The research is based on the use of a number of scientific methods: theoretical generalization, abstract-logical, method of systematization, methods of analysis and synthesis. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, the statistical indicators of the development of the hotel industry in Ukraine in recent years were analyzed. It was found that the country is characterized by significant regional disparities in the number of hotel enterprises and places in them, and as a result of the war, there was a redistribution of hotel occupancy between regions. It has been established that despite the war, new hotels are emerging in the country that are oriented to European service standards, and special attention is paid to the safe living conditions of tourists. Conclusions. It was established that despite the challenges of today, Ukrainian hotels are improving strategies to ensure attractiveness and stability of operation. In particular, the optimization and automation of technological processes, the personalization of service, the use of special forecasting systems that help assess the wishes and needs of guests and satisfy them in a timely manner are relevant. The article describes the main trends in the global hospitality industry, which are implemented in the activities of Ukrainian hotels. In particular, it has been determined that the trend of recent years is the construction of large apart-hotels with spacious rooms, modern infrastructure and high-quality service. It was determined that the greening of tourists’ needs led to the appearance of glamping sites, which gained popularity both in the western regions of Ukraine and near large cities. It was concluded that the prospects of the hotel industry of Ukraine are related to the successful adaptation of hotels and other temporary accommodation facilities to the modern realities of wartime, and the further development of the hotel industry can bring significant financial and reputational benefits to Ukraine.

Navigating the complex terrain of motivated behavior: a bibliometric and neuroscientific perspective

Over several decades, motivated behavior has emerged as a crucial study area within neuroscience. Understanding the neural substrates and mechanisms driving behaviors related to reward, addiction, and other motivation forms is pivotal for novel therapeutic interventions. This review provides a bibliometric analysis of the literature, highlighting the main trends, influential authors, and the potential future direction of the field. Utilizing a dataset comprised by 3,150 publications from the Web of Science and Scopus databases (“motivated behavior as query), we delve into key metrics like publication trends, keyword prevalence, author collaborations, citation impacts, and employed an unsupervised natural language processing technique – Latent Dirichlet Allocation – for topic modeling. From early investigations focusing on basic neural mechanism and behaviors in animal models to more recent studies exploring the complex interplay of neurobiological, psychological, and social factors in humans, the field had undergone a remarkable transformation. The last century has seen a proliferation of research dedicated to uncovering the intricacies of motivation, significantly enriching our understanding of its myriad implications for human behavior and mental health. This bibliometric analysis aims to offer comprehensive insights into this dynamic research area, highlighting the field’s key contributions and potential future directions, thereby serving as a valuable resource for researchers, and hopefully give a more thorough understanding of the research area.

ON THE METHODS OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE “UX/UI DESIGN” IN PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITIES, WITH THE PURPOSE OF ТEACHING FUTURE TEACHERS TO DESIGN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ORIENTED TO LEARNERS

Informatization of education has been one of the main trends in modern education for more than two decades. But despite this, many teachers are not yet able to professionally participate in the modernization of today's schools. The main obstacle to the effective work of teachers is the lack of digital competence and the lack of ability to use electronic teaching tools. To solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the level of digital competence among teachers and teach them the basic principles and technologies of designing and developing electronic educational resources. This needs to start from the stage of trainings in pedagogical universities. The article aims to show the need to train students of pedagogical universities in the basics of design and development of electronic educational resources, as well as to demonstrate the importance of introducing the “UX/UI Design” course into the educational process for training future teachers in the design of educational resources focused on learners.  The article presents some features of teaching the discipline “UX/UI design” in pedagogical universities, and various approaches leading to the development of creative thinking of students. Particular attention is drawn to presenting the capabilities of Figma technology, as well as the ease of its use in the design of electronic educational resources and learning-oriented mobile applications.

Міжсекторальна співпраця в контексті соціального розвитку територіальних громад України

The article examines the social aspects of the organization of intersectoral cooperation as one of the sources of the development of territorial communities and their adaptation to the complex socio-political and socio-economic conditions of the war period. The need to speed up recovery processes and successfully develop the country’s economy in combination with the European integration tasks currently makes this area of scientific research relevant. The purpose of the article is to determine the transformational changes in the development of intersectoral cooperation in territorial communities with the substantiation of stimulating mechanisms in the context of their social development tasks. The novelty is the generalization of the results of changes which took place in the organization of intersectoral cooperation in the field of social service provision in communities during the war period. The article uses the methods of system analysis, generalization and comparison, economic and statistical analysis. It was revealed that intersectoral cooperation in the territorial communities of the country has not yet acquired a systemic nature with appropriate legislative and regulatory support and is practiced only in case of critical exacerbation of local socio-economic or socio-ecological problems. The specifics of the modern organization of intersectoral interaction in the communities of the country was considered and the main trends of its development in the field of social service provision, as well as the possibility of overcoming the wartime barriers, were identified. It was found that the main obstacles to the development of intersectoral cooperation are related to its informal nature, the low level of complementarity of interacting parties’ interests, and the lack of platforms for communication. In the absence of a comprehensive concept of the development of territorial communities’ social sphere in the war period, an assessment of the sphere of social service provision in the communities was carried out, and the problems of its digitalization and staffing were determined from the perspective of the possibilities for development of various social interaction forms. The need to transition to a new format of intersectoral cooperation based on partnership, social responsibility, and constructive dialogue between participants in order to successfully implement local initiatives and minimize the negative consequences of competition between various entities and social groups has been proved. Actively spreading the possibilities of cross-sectoral cooperation, formed on collective efforts and joint responsibility on a partnership basis, to the social development of communities will ensure the successful solution of local socio-economic, information & communication, environmental protection problems, taking into account the interests of local residents. The article defines directions and conditions of the organization of intersectoral cooperation that are strategically significant for the social development of the country’s territorial communities and suggests appropriate mechanisms capable of strengthening its potential in the near future.

A critical review of the feasibility of emerging technologies for improving safety behavior on construction sites

Introduction: Advancements in the modern construction industry have contributed to the development of a range of technology-based interventions to improve the safety behavior of front-line construction workers. Notwithstanding the extensive research on safety behavior, there is still a paucity of research on assessing technology interventions of safety behavior to provide an overview of their strengths and limitations. The present study aims to bridge this gap in the literature and identify the main trends of research. Method: A systematic review and critical content analysis are adopted to capture an overview of the state of knowledge on safety behavior technologies. As a result of searching Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases in the period from Jan 2010 to Feb 2023, a total of 359 potential studies went through the systematic screening process and finally, 48 representative studies were selected followed by an assessment of the feasibility and applicability of the safety behavior technologies. Results: It was found that safety behavior technology is characterized by seven technologies including virtual-reality simulation (T1), eye-tracking technology (T2), prediction modeling of safety behavior (T3), computer-based training (T4), drone/sensor-based hazard monitoring (T5), vision-based behavior monitoring (T6), and real-time positioning (T7). Conclusions: This research improves understanding of the status of safety behavior technologies and provides a critical review of their feasibility from the perspective of four assessment criteria including application, limitation, benefit, and feasibility. Practical applications: The categorizations of technologies add value to the body of knowledge in terms of generic requirements for their implementation and adaptation on construction sites.

The 100 top-cited articles on chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder: A bibliometric analysis.

Tremendous scientific research has been conducted on chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), while only a few bibliometric analyses have been conducted in this field. In this study, we aim to identify 100 top-cited articles on CKD-MBD and analyze their main characteristics quantitatively. Web of Science was used to search the 100 top-cited articles on CKD-MBD. The following data were extracted and analyzed from the selected articles: author, country of origin, institutions, article type, publication journal, publication year, citation frequency, and keywords. Among the 100 top-cited articles, the number of citations ranged between 181 to 2157, with an average number of citations of approximately 476. These articles were published in 23 different journals, with Kidney International publishing the most articles (n = 32). The largest contributor was the United States (n = 63), which was also the country that conducted the most collaborative studies with other nations. The University of Washington contributed the largest number of articles (n = 37). Block GA was the most common first-author (n = 7). The majority of articles were clinical research articles (n = 73), followed by reviews (n = 15). Although almost half of the articles had no keywords, the most concerned research direction was CKD-associated bone disease. This is the first bibliometric study of the 100 top-cited articles on CKD-MBD. This study provides the main academic interests and research trends associated with CKD-MBD research.

ML-Enhanced Live Video Streaming in Offline Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: An Applied Approach

Live video streaming has become one of the main multimedia trends in networks in recent years. Providing Quality of Service (QoS) during live transmissions is challenging due to the stringent requirements for low latency and minimal interruptions. This scenario has led to a high dependence on cloud services, implying a widespread usage of Internet connections, which constrains contexts in which an Internet connection is not available. Thus, alternatives such as Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) emerge as potential communication techniques. These networks operate autonomously with mobile devices serving as nodes, without the need for coordinating centralized components. However, these characteristics lead to challenges to live video streaming, such as dynamic node topologies or periods of disconnection. Considering these constraints, this paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based classification techniques to provide adaptive streaming in MANETs. For this, a software-driven architecture is proposed to route stream in offline MANETs, predicting the stability of individual links and compressing video frames accordingly. The proposal is implemented and assessed in a laboratory context, in which the model performance and QoS metrics are analyzed. As a result, the model is implemented in a decision forest algorithm, which provides 95.9% accuracy. Also, the obtained latency values become assumable for video streaming, manifesting a reliable response for routing and node movements.

Development of somatotyping in Russia according to scientometric analysis from 2013 to 2023

BACKGROUND: Somatotyping has a long history and at the same time is widespread today in medicine, sports, and biomedical research, which necessitates the need to combat the inertia of scientific paradigms and methods .
 AIM: The goal is to identify the main trends and patterns in the development of modern somatotyping based on scientometrics of publication activity since 2013.
 METHODS: Based on RSCI data, a database was formed on the use of somatotyping for the period from 2013 to 2023. Key words of publications, frequency and scientific areas of application of somatotyping schemes were analyzed.
 RESULTS: Anthropometry techniques were most often used to identify predictors of adaptation failure or disease development. When searching for characteristics of samples that differ in influencing factors, body composition was more often used. An increase in studies using somatotyping according to Heath-Carter and Chernorutsky has been revealed. The share of studies performed using the methods of R.N. is decreasing. Dorokhov and V.G. Petrukhin and Taner, and the variety of somatotyping schemes used. In the study of adolescence, first adulthood and when somatotyping women, somatotyping according to R.N. was more often used. Dorokhov, in clinical studies - according to Z. Rees and H. Eisenck, in the study of athletes - according to Heath-Carter, in combined somatotyping - according to Bashkirov, Taner and Z. Rees and H. Eisenck.
 CONCLUSION: The main problem that anthropologists faced was the comparability of the results obtained using different somatotyping schemes.

Development of the circulation of digital financial assets in the world in the context of digital transformation

Aim. To study and describe the main trends in the development of the world market of digital financial assets in the conditions of digital transformation. Objectives. To disclose the essence and role of digital transformation at the present stage; to consider the emergence of digital financial assets and the possibilities of their application against the background of high growth rates of the cryptoasset market; to analyze the main indicators of digital currencies as of February 2024; to identify the key characteristics of the use of cryptocurrencies by different countries; to rank countries according to the index of cryptocurrency ownership for 2023; to describe the development trends of the circulation of digital financial assets in the world in the conditions of digital transformation.Methods. The study uses complex and logical approaches, general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis), methods of comparative and economic analysis, analytical processing and graphical presentation of information.Results. The leading trends in the development of the global market of digital financial assets in the conditions of digital transformation have been considered. The indicators of the top 10 largest digital currencies by market capitalization are highlighted. Based on the results of the study, the ranking of countries by the index of cryptocurrency ownership for 2023 was compiled. The main indicators of digital currencies for February 2024 were analyzed. The key characteristics of cryptocurrency use by different countries in the context of high rate of digital transformation were described.Conclusions. The results of the conducted research allowed us to conclude that the current transformation of the global economy, associated with the active development of breakthrough technologies, including distributed ledger technologies (DLT) and blockchain, has become a trigger for the emergence of digital financial assets and expanded the possibilities of their application in the context of high growth rate of the cryptoasset market. The analysis of the current state and development of the circulation of digital financial assets in the world under the conditions of digital transformation shows the growing interest in the use of cryptocurrencies and the introduction of blockchain technologies in the financial systems of various countries, as well as the growing use of cryptocurrencies by companies and individuals. Taking into account the review of global trends, development of fintech technologies, the conclusion is made about the inevitability of the processes of digitalization of financial assets, the emergence of new forms of digital assets, which dictate the need for advanced development of their legal regulation. In the future, the development of digital assets will give them the official status of a means of payment and expand their use in the system of financial relations in the conditions of digital transformation both in Russia and abroad.

“The A.M. Kovalev’s Conception of ‘Just Society’ in the Context of Current Political and Philosophical Discussions”

In modern political and theoretical discourse, the concept of a ‘ just society’ is usually perceived as a normative idea that expresses the notion of what society “should be”. Nowadays, social justice as a political slogan is becoming an increasingly universal requirement made by social movements, political parties and groups regarding the ways of social organization and its functions. Regardless of the different interpretations, it is inseparable from other related concepts, such as ‘equality’, ‘ freedom’ and many others. It also represents the projection of various concepts of justice on social relations in individual countries, regions, and, finally, throughout the world (‘global justice’ on the scale of all mankind). Comparative analysis of the A.M. Kovalev’s concept of a just society and the main trends in the interpretation of this idea in modern Western socio-political theory indicate that the methodology developed by an outstanding Russian scientist can rightfully be considered one of the most promising. Its distinguishing feature is the creative interpretation of a set of ideas about a just society, dating back to the early works of Marx. It is combined with the analysis of the ideas of the Western European Enlightenment, the philosophy of Kant, Hegel and Fichte, the evolution of the social philosophy of the Frankfurt School and other equally influential areas of modern political theory (R. Aron and others). An analysis of modern political theories shows that the dyad “ justice / state” constitutes the ontological core of the political and philosophical discourse, in the structure of which the ideas of Marxism play an important role. In the A.M. Kovalev’s theory of a just society, the various assessments of the heuristic potential of Marxism acquire additional incentives, opening the way to new creative discussions. The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of A.M. Kovalev.

Improving Technologies for Developing Personnel Solutions

Relevance. Modern socio-economic conditions actualize the improvement of technologies for developing personnel solutions as the basis for successful personnel management. An effective management decision acts as a resource for the development of the organization, personnel and each employee. The article explores the relationship between the concepts of personnel management, modern trends in personnel management and technologies for developing personnel solutions. The work examines the main HR trends and their impact on the technology of personnel decisions, analyzes the process of making personnel decisions in pearl organizations, and proposes the structuring of personnel decisions based on the results of diagnosing problem situations and recommended methods of decision-making.The purpose of the study is to identify directions for the development of technologies for developing personnel solutions in the personnel management system of a modern organization.Objectives: explore the relationship between modern concepts of personnel management, HR trends and technologies of personnel solutions; based on the diagnosis of problem situations in personnel management, structure management decisions and propose appropriate methods for their development, adoption and implementation; apply the method of analyzing hierarchies in the process of developing a personnel decision for the objective selection of a candidate for a vacant position to form the labor potential of an industrial enterprise.Methodology. During the research, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of system analysis, expert assessment, the method of analyzing hierarchies.Results. Problematic situations in personnel management are diagnosed as the basis for structuring personnel decisions; in accordance with the results of diagnosis and structuring adequate decision-making methods are recommended. The method of hierarchy analysis is used as a method for effectively selecting alternatives in the conditions of selection, selection and hiring of engineering and technical personnel of an industrial enterprise.Conclusions. It is advisable to substantiate the directions for improving technologies for developing personnel solutions based on an assessment of the relationship with modern concepts and trends in personnel management, based on the results of a study of the characteristics of personnel management in various types of organizations, according to the structuring of problem situations in human resource management.

Состояние отечественной отрасли козоводства на современном этапе развития России

The article analyzes the state of the goat breeding industry in Russia from 2007 to 2022. Based on official data from the Federal State Statistics Service and data from the All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding, presented in the public domain, an assessment of the state of the goat breeding industry in Russia was carried out and the main trends and patterns were identified. As part of the study, it was revealed that goat breeding in Russia is mainly concentrated in small forms of farming and currently there are no prospects for scalability, while the number of goats is decreasing annually. The leader among federal districts in terms of livestock is the Siberian Federal District, and among the subjects of the Federation the undisputed leader is the Republic of Tyva. Dairy goat farming ranks third in the world in milk production, behind cows and buffaloes. In Russia, there is a clear trend towards increasing milk production. The leader in goat milk production is the Leningrad region. The analysis of modern domestic goat breeding made it possible to formulate the main problems that impede the effective development of the industry in the country and outline possible ways to solve them.

Current Trends in the Use of VR Technologies in the Business Industry

Relevance. Digital transformation of the Russian economy in the current conditions of globalization and the emergence of new information technologies is becoming an objective necessity. One of the most important aspects of digital transformation is the mechanisms of development based on virtual reality. Virtual technologies are now a multifaceted concept, implying the use of methods not only for the purposes of the gaming industry, but also in the business environment. In business practice, virtual reality has become increasingly attractive in recent years and occupies a leading position, due to the extensive range of applications of VR tools. This study examines current trends and opportunities for the introduction of VR technologies into the company's activities.The purpose of the research is to reveal the concept of virtual reality and the possibilities of its application in the business industry.Objectives: to reveal the content of the interpretation of "Virtual Reality", to give types of virtual reality, to collect and demonstrate statistical data on the results of the introduction of virtual reality technology into the company's activities, to study the practice of using VR not only Russian companies, but also foreign ones, to characterize the history of the development of virtual reality.Methodology. The research methodology includes empirical and analytical methods, statistical analysis is also used, revealing the features of the introduction of virtual reality in the field of entrepreneurship.Results. The question of the role of virtual reality technology, its impact on modern companies and the economy is analyzed. The paper identifies the main trends and directions of the use of VR, according to the dynamics of the development of companies. The information is confirmed by the example of the positive experience of companies.Conclusions. The results of the study showed that virtual technologies have a complex impact: on employees, providing opportunities for training skills and knowledge; on products, reducing resources for their manufacture and improving quality; on consumers, having a profound impact on consciousness, through the ability to interact with the purchased goods. Thus, production processes are improved, which in general has a positive impact on all structural divisions of the business.

Contemporary Statistical Trends of Export of Goods From Georgia to Latvia

Despite the improvement of the indicators of Georgia's export relations with the European Union, the balance of foreign trade with many countries, including Latvia, is negative. It amounts to −29 357.00 thousand US dollars, and compared to the previous year, it has increased by 27 %. The aim of the paper was to analyze the main trends of exports from Georgia to Latvia. Statistical research methods were used in the research process. In general, export relations with Latvia are characterized by an increasing trend. During the study period, during the last ten years, exports grew by an average of 8.8 % annually and were characterized by a rather diverse commodity structure. The range of growth rates varied between 77.6 % and 135 %, and its magnitude varied at different stages. In 2022, Georgia’s exports to Latvia increased by 31.2 % compared to the previous year and by 35 % compared to 2019. During the research period, there were no significant changes in the product structure, and the main export products were wine of fresh grapes, petroleum and petroleum oils, undenatured ethyl alcohol, spirits, liqueurs and other spirituous beverages, waters, natural or artificial mineral and aerated waters, etc. The volume of local exports to Latvia is increasing. In 2014–2022, it grew by an average of 3.7 % annually, although the share of local exports in total exports to Latvia fell from 92 % in 2014 to 67.7 % by 2022. Instead, the volume of re-exports increases. In the same period, the re-export volume increased by 28.3 % annually. The commodity structure also changed slightly.

Modern Trends in Digitalization of the Restaurant Business

The relevance of studying the issues of digitalization of the restaurant business is due to the need to search for strategic directions and key factors in the digital transformation of restaurant services, assessing modern consumer demands and global market development trends.The purpose of the work is to study the main trends in the digitalization of restaurant business organizations.The objectives of the study are to analyze promising areas of digitalization of the restaurant business, assess the market for online food delivery, self-service points and the use of digital technologies.Methodology. Methods of comparative and statistical analysis, induction and deduction were used as research methodsResults. It was revealed that the main directions of digitalization of the restaurant business are online orders and delivery of ready-made food, the development of self-service points, automation of the value chain, as well as the promotion of restaurant services using digital technologies. Despite the fact that automation of the restaurant business began before the COVID-19 pandemic, it served as a catalyst for the transition of restaurant services to the virtual space. However, the reactive approach of restaurant business organizations did not allow the formation of an effective strategy for the digital transformation of restaurant business organizations. The growth of digitalization of the industry is due to digital channels for promoting services that require significant investments, available only to large market players; for non-chain restaurants, this segment of the digital market is not yet available in full, which is a limiting factor in the development of the entire industry.Conclusions. The results obtained during the research allowed us to formulate theoretical and practical recommendations aimed at developing a strategic understanding of the planning processes and implementation of digital technologies in the activities of restaurant business organizations.

Vectors for improving development strategies of Russian enterprises in the context of prerequisites for transformation of the Russian economy

The article provides an analysis of changes in trends in the Russian economy based on macroeconomic indicators (gross domestic product per capita, inflation rate, unemployment rate). The key factors are the historically low unemployment rate (due to demographic trends in society) and the growing number of individual accounts on the Moscow Exchange. These factors force Russian enterprises and companies to change the extensive type of economic growth to the intensive one. The purpose of the study is to highlight main trends of the changes in the economy (on the basis of the analysis of macroeconomic indicators) and possible options for responding to them for domestic enterprises. The work used universal and general scientific methods of cognition, such as dialectical, analytical, and statistical methods. The result of the analysis of the Russian macroeconomic indicators is presented, basic trends that can have a significant impact on the strategies of enterprise development are identified. It is proposed to use elements of the ESG (environmental, social, governance) approach or process-flow model as ways to respond to them. The main tasks that enterprises face are outlined along with the criteria for choosing the direction of improvement.